Elements of Mixed-Use Development
Location and the mix of uses are critical to a development’s success. Siting buildings adjacent to or within walking distance of residential areas facilitates residents’ use of transit alternatives; this can contribute to a reduction in vehicular traffic. While on-site residents are potential users of mixed-use establishments, commercial uses should also complement the larger community’s needs. Local retail within walking distance can be an economically viable alternative for local businesses, as well as beneficial to the community.  Mixed-use developments increase usage throughout the day: residents and customers use facilities at different times for different purposes.  This generates increased customer traffic for businesses by other occupants and users of the development. Studies demonstrate retail (e.g., bookstores, fast-casual dining, bakeries, coffee shops, boutiques), service businesses (e.g., dry cleaners, banks), small professional offices, and home businesses are essential elements.  A balance of commercial and residential uses contributes to a development’s success, as well as supports the local economy. Local jurisdictions should consider revising their zoning ordinances to include mixed-use and live-work codes which permit structures – typically multi-story buildings – with retail, service, or office space on the ground floor and residences above.

Housing Alternatives
Mixed-use developments provide a wide range of housing alternatives within Northwest Lower Michigan. Demographic shifts and market demand support construction of condos and apartments within walking distance of retail and support services, as well as live-work units which provide living space above a ground-floor shop, art studio, or office. Live-work units provide an alternative housing and business option which can be adapted to different uses over time with one mortgage. Refer to Commercial: Home Offices & Services for additional information.

Role of Local Jurisdications
Mixed-use projects offer local jurisdictions a development option which can sustain long-term economic stability through strengthening the tax base, job market, and commercial and residential opportunities. These developments, however, often necessitate changes to zoning ordinances. The creation of mixed-use zoning districts adjacent to established areas (e.g., hamlets, villages, cities) directs higher-density, pedestrian-oriented developments next to existing neighborhoods. This allows for the logical expansion of existing infrastructure and circulation patterns, as well as the mixed-use development’s support of established neighborhoods.

Local jurisdictions are encouraged to revise and/or establish zoning ordinances to provide more flexibility for locating mixed-use developments which complement existing neighborhoods. Ordinances should address site connectivity, building façade and orientation, sidewalk location and pavement width, streetscape features, and revised parking standards which permit shared and curbside parking.

Local jurisdictions are also encouraged to revise zoning ordinances, particularly Planned Unit Development sections, to allow for greater flexibility when permitting multiple uses, as well as those ordinances relating to street, parking, building design, and landscaping standards. Planned Unit Developments should include mixed uses which serve the development and adjoining neighborhoods on a limited scale.

The Money Behind Combining Uses
Studies demonstrate the monetary value of incorporating multiple uses in a single building or complex. A recent survey reveals office workers frequently shop on the way to and from work. Office worker shopping habits equate to approximately two (2) square feet of retail plus five (5) square feet of restaurant space per each office worker.
~ New Urban News July/August 2005 (24)